:;::::;;t;:;;!::;;;;;'!;;;;;!;:i;;;;r;': 


APR  4     '"^^^^ 
■R  19   192' 

iMAR  2  1  1347 

Lb  / 


Itr.t 


IIIAR27W7? 


)rm  L-9-2ni-7,'22 


79*^ 


GEORGE  W  A.SUINGTON 


STUDIES 
FOR  IMMIGRANTS 


A  Reader  for 
Second  Year's  Work 

or    for 


Immigrants  with  Some  Knowledge  of  English 


BY 
CHARLES   ROADS 

ASSISTED  BY 

C.  p.  FUTCHER  and  W.  Q.  BENNETT 


THE  ABINGDON   PRESS 

NEW  YORK  CINCINNATI 


J 

',  ^/Nj  >  '..'19^7/  i^    :     .V.  :    : ;.  /  ,  -,..  t^  :  - 

*  *• 

;*°.  ,.•/  ...   . • .  '      ,'  t 


*  'j*j'  »»JJ3        .»..€ 


...  » 

•   !  ••  • 

>->      3    >   .....   *•» 


A^ve-sc, 


Copyright,  1915,  by 
CHARLES    ROADS 


^  S'Ss 


CONTENTS 
chapter  page 

Suggestions  to  Teachers 7 

I.  The  Discovery  of  America 9 

II.  Colonizing  with  Europeans 12 

III.  Becoming  the  United  States 15 

IV.  The  Extent  and  Resources  of  America.  ...  19 
V.  The  American  Government 22 

VI.  Freedom,  but  Not  License 28 

VII.  The  American  People 32 

VIII.  The  Coming  Americans 36 

IX.  America  as  Opportunity 40 

X.  Immigrants    Who    Have    Become    Great    in 

America 44 

XI.  Duties  of  Citizenship 48 

XII.  American  Ideals 52 

XIII.  The  Public  Schools  for  All  People 56 

XIV.  The  American  Home 60 

XV.  Free  Churches  in  the  Free  State 64 

XVI.  American  Inventors  and  Inventions 67 

XVII.  Great  Heroes  of  America 71 

XVIII.  American  Reform  Movements 75 

XIX.  American  Books  and  Papers 78 

XX.  America's  Future 82 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

George  Washington frontispiece 

facing  page 

Map  of  the  United  States 15 

The  Liberty  Bell 52 

Abraham  Lincoln 71 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  TEACHERS 

This  book  is  designed  to  follow  the  very  admirable 
and  practical  scries  of  leaflets  for  teaching  English 
to  immigrants  which  have  been  prepared  by  Dr. 
Peter  Eoberts  and  ])ut)]ishcd  by  the  Association 
Press,  New  York.  There  can  be  nothing  better 
than  Dr.  Roberts's  leaflets  for  first  studies  with 
immigrants. 

The  present  lessons  arc  necessarily  suggestive  in 
general  plan.  They  could  not  attempt  completeness 
on  any  topic. 

The  instruction  should  be  reading  together  and 
conversational.  The  teaching  will  go  beyond  the 
lesson  text  but  should  not  go  far  afield.  The  lessons 
should  be  studied  by  the  pupils. 

The  Word  Studies  come  first  most  helpfully.  Ex- 
plain simply,  using  objects  and  pictures  where  pos- 
sible. Have  them  written,  repeatedly  pronounced, 
and  used  in  conversation. 

Have  memorized  at  least  a  few  -of  the  "Best 
Thoughts"  after  explanation. 

Very  much  of  the  value  of  the  lessons  depends 
upon  the  complete  mastery  of  pronunciation  of  the 
words,  the  eradication  of  all  "brogue,"  and  such  use 
of  English  that  no  one  could  suspect  the  particular 
nationality.  The  immigrants  eagerly  respond  to  this 
effort. 

7 


CHAPTER  I 

THE  DISCOVERY  OF  AMERICA 

First  Look  at  Words 

Explain  simply,  have  the  students  write  and 
pronounce 


Descriptives, 

Action  Wordi, 

Names,  Nouns 

Adjectives 

V'erbs 

America 

bold 

discovered 

Europe 

ruined 

published 

people 

shorter 

aided 

sailor 

round 

sailed 

Norway 

small 

landed 

Norsemen 

long 

named 

buildings 

roving 

talk 

discovery 

many 

refused 

nation 

steadily 

went 

Italian 

gave 

Columbus 

build 

East  Indies 

claimed 

Spain 

inhabit 

Isabella 

live 

San  Salvador 

Cuba 

Cabot 

Cartier 

De  Soto 

Indians 

America  was  not  known  to  the  people  of  Eu- 

9 


10  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

rope  until  one  thousand  years  after  Christ.  Then 
some  bold  sailors  from  Norway  called  Norsemen  dis- 
covered Greenland,  just  as  they  had  Iceland  some 
time  before,  and  sailed  southward  as  far  as  Rhode 
Island. 

2.  They  left  some  ruined  buildings  which  show 
they  were  there.  But  they  did  not  settle  there  nor 
publish  any  account  of  their  discovery  to  Europe  at 
that  time.  So  America  was  not  known  to  other  na- 
tions then. 

3.  Five  hundred  years  more  passed  and  then  an 
Italian  sailor,  named  Christopher  Columbus,  began 
to  talk  about  sailing  west  to  reach  the  East  Indies 
by  a  shorter  way.  He  believed  that  the  earth  was 
round  like  a  great  ball,  and  if  so,  India  could  be 
reached  that  way. 

4.  His  own  city,  Genoa,  refused  to  aid  Columbus; 
and  so  did  England  and  Portugal  also  refuse. 

5.  Columbus  went  to  Spain  to  enlist  King  Fer- 
dinand in  his  enterprise.  Finally,  the  Queen,  Isabella, 
gave  him  money  to  build  three  small  ships  for  the 
voyage. 

6.  In  1492  he  sailed,  and  after  a  long  voyage 
Columbus  and  his  three  ships  landed  at  San  Salvador, 
an  island  of  the  West  Indies.  Afterward  he  dis- 
covered Cuba  and  the  mainland  of  America. 

7.  Another  Italian,  Amerigo  Vespucci,  sailed 
after  Columbus.  He  returned  to  Europe  and  pub- 
lished an  account  of  his  voyage,  the  first  story  of  the 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  11 

New  "World.  After  him  the  new  continent  was  called 
America.  It  should  have  been  named  after  Columbus 
— Columbia. 

8.  John  Cabot  and  his  son  Sebastian  discovered 
the  mainland  of  what  is  now  the  United  States  and 
claimed  it  for  the  English, 

9.  The  French  under  Verrazani  and  Cartier  ex- 
plored the  Atlantic  Coast  in  the  North  and  the  Saint 
Lawrence  and  named  the  region  New  France. 

10.  The  Spanish  under  De  Leon  discovered 
Florida.  Under  Balboa  they  first  saw  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  under  De  Soto  the  Mississippi  River. 

11.  America  was  inhabited  before  Columbus  came 
by  roving  bands  or  tribes  of  savages,  who  lived  by 
hunting,  fishing,  and  small  crops  of  corn.  The  early 
discoverers  called  these  savages  Indians,  and  had 
many  wars  with  them.  The  Indians  have  been 
steadily  driven  to  the  Far  West,  where  they  still  live. 

"V  Best  Thoughts  to  Memorize 

America  seemed  reserved  by  God  to  plant  true 
liberty. 

The  best  blood  of  Europe  produced  America. 

Every  great  nation  sent  its  noblest  men  here. 

The  discovery  of  America  was  the  greatest  event 
in  a  thousand  years.  y^ 

Columbus  and  Queen  Isabella  both  deserve  honor 
for  the  discovery  of  America.  So  it  is  a  continent 
for  good  men  and  women  both. 


CHAPTER  II 

COLONIZING  WITH  EUROPEANS 

A  Look  at  Words 

Explain  simply,  have  the  students  write  and 
pronounce 


Descriptives, 

Action  Words, 

Names,  Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

colony 

first 

founded 

Virginia 

English 

told 

immigrants 

successful 

saved 

Smith 

many 

passed 

governor 

religious 

Avas 

Pocahontas 

full 

formed 

Indian 

other 

sailed 

trials 

latest 

chose 

struggles 

great 

came 

Massachusetts 

driven 

Puritans 

began 

Holland 

explored 

"Mayflower" 

built 

Carver 

captured 

Williams 

settled 

religion 

given 

Dutch 

established. 

Hudson 

Daid 

New  York 

lurt 

Maryland 

opened 

Carolina 

Pennsylvania 

12 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  13 

1.  The  English  were  the  first  people  to  colonize 
in  America.  They  founded  Virginia  in  1G07  by  one 
hundred  and  five  English  immigrants.  Captain  John 
Smith  was  their  first  successful  governor.  He  told 
how  an  Indian  girl,  Pocahontas,  had  saved  his  life 
from  her  father's  tribe.  This  Virginia  colony  passed 
tlirough  many  trials  and  struggles  in  its  early  his- 
tory.   After  1688  it  was  prosperous. 

2.  In  1620  Massachusetts  colony  was  formed  by 
Puritans,  who  had  lived  in  Holland  for  some  time 
because  they  were  persecuted  in  England.  They 
sailed  from  Holland  in  the  ship  "Mayflower,"  and 
before  landing  in  Ameri^-a  they  formed  a  govern- 
ment and  chose  John  Carter  governor.  Other  immi- 
grants followed  and  the  colony  grew  and  prospered. 

3.  Roger  Williams,  a  Baptist  minister,  was  driven 
out  of  Massachusetts  for  his  religion  and  he  began 
a  colony  in  Rhode  Island. 

4.  The  Dutch  under  Henry  Hudson  explored  what 
is  now  New  York  Bay  and  the  Hudson  River  in  1609. 
In  1614  the  Dutch  built  huts  on  Manhattan  Island, 
now  New  York  city.  It  was  a  Dutch  colony  until 
1664  when  the  English  captured  it. 

5.  Maryland  colony  was  settled  by  about  two  hun- 
dred English  Roman  Catholics  in  1634  under 
Leonard  Calvert,  the  brother  of  Lord  Baltimore,  who 
had  been  given  the  territory  by  the  king  of  England. 
Full  religious  freedom  became  the  law  in  Maryland. 

6.  Other   colonies,   like   New   Hampshire,    Con- 


14  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

necticut  and  Delaware,  were  formed  of  people  over- 
flowing from  the  older  colonies,  and  prospered. 

7.  So  North  and  South  Carolina  were  settled  in 
1663  by  other  colonial  emigrants. 

8.  Pennsylvania  was  settled  by  the  Friends,  or 
"Quakers,"  an  earnest  body  of  English  Christians, 
under  William  Penn,  in  1682.  Penn  made  a  friendly 
treaty  of  peace  with  the  Indians,  and  paid  them  for 
their  land.  No  Quaker  was  ever  hurt  by  the  Indians. 
Philadelphia  was  founded  in  1682. 

9.  Georgia  was  the  latest  of  the  first  colonies.  It 
was  begun  in  1733  by  Oglethorpe  of  England. 

10.  The  Central  States  and  the  Far  West  were 
opened  after  the  War  for  Freedom.  They  were  set- 
tled by  people  from  the  Atlantic  States,  but  now  are 
filling  up  with  great  numbers  of  immigrants  from 
Europe. 

Best  Thoughts  to  Memorize 

The  struggles  and  hardships  of  the  early  settlers 
made  them  a  strong  and  good  people. 

Peace  has  its  victories  no  less  renowned  than  war. 

The  early  immigrants  came  for  religious  liberty 
rather  than  for  better  homes  and  wages. 

Of  many  nations  and  races  but  all  of  one  spirit  for 
freedom,  justice,  brotherhood. 

God  does  not  give  results,  but  only  opportunities. 

Genius  and  ambition  laugh  at  all  the  past. 


a- 

o 


> 
o 


CHAPTER  III 

BECOMING  THE  UNITED  STATES 

Word  Studies 

Explain  simply,  have  the  students  write  and 


pronounce 

Descriptives, 

Action  Words, 

Names,  Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

George  III. 

unjust 

oppress 

government 

English 

united 

taxes 

American 

declared 

laws 

famous 

became 

federation 

State 

led 

Congress 

free 

adopted 

England 

new 

given 

general 

many 

wanting 

Washington 

strong 

signed 

commander 

much 

recognized 

peace 

different 

had 

Declaration 

vice 

wrote 

Independence 

original 

make 

Britain 

thirteen 

went 

rule 

great 

called 

treaty 

frame 

nation 

met 

house 

adopted 

representatives 

voted 

Hancock 

ratified 

President 

chosen 

Jefferson 

grown 

farm 

adding 

constitution 

developing 

Philadelphia 

election 

State 

16 


16  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

1.  When  the  American  colonies  became  prosperous 
the  English  king,  George  III,  and  his  government 
began  to  oppress  them  with  taxes  and  unjust  laws. 

2.  In  1775  the  colonies,  which  had  now  become 
united  into  a  federation  and  had  held  a  Continental 
Congress,  declared  war  against  England.  General 
George  Washington  was  made  commander-in-chief 
and  led  the  armies  for  six  years  until  peace  came. 

3.  July  4,  1776,  the  Congress  adopted  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  from  England.  It  is  a  famous 
state  paper  giving  the  American  reasons  for  wanting 
to  be  free  from  English  rule. 

4.  In  1873  England  signed  the  treaty  of  peace 
and  recognized  the  United  States  as  a  free  nation. 

5.  The  government  of  the  colonies  during  the  war 
for  freedom  was  in  the  Continental  Congress.  This 
Congress  had  only  one  house  with  representatives 
from  all  the  colonies.  John  Hancock  was  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Congress.  Thomas  Jefferson  wrote  the 
Declaration  of  Independence. 

6.  Many  of  the  colonists  wanted  to  make  George 
Washington  king  after  the  war.  But  he  refused  and 
resigned  his  office  of  general  to  Congress  and  went 
back  to  his  farm  in  Virginia. 

7.  A  convention  was  called  to  frame  a  form  of  free 
government  and  a  constitution.  Delegates  from  all 
the  colonies  met  in  Philadelphia  and  George  Wash- 
ington   was    elected    President    of    the    convention. 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRAXTS  17 

After   mouths   of   discussion   the   constitution   was 
adopted  by  the  convention,  in  1787. 

8.  The  colonies  were  asked  to  ratify  the  constitu- 
tion, and  after  it  was  ratified  they  were  called  States 
of  the  Union,  thirteen  original  States.  Hence  we 
have  thirteen  stripes  in  the  national  flag,  one  for  each 
of  these  original  States. 

9.  At  the  election  by  the  people  George  Washing- 
ton was  chosen  the  first  President  and  John  Adams 
the  Vice-President.  The  people  had  selected  men 
called  electors  and  these  electors  chose  the  President 
and  Vice-President. 

10.  From  the  original  thirteen  States  have  now 
grown  forty-eight  States  by  adding  the  great  West 
out  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Texas  in  the  South,  and 
other  sections  as  they  acquired  enough  people  to  be 
formed  into  States. 

11.  Each  State  has  its  own  government  within 
the  United  States,  retaining  all  power  not  directly 
given  to  the  national  government. 

Best  Thoughts  for  Memorizing 

The  United  States  are  really  many  nations  in  a 
peaceful  and  prosperous  union. 

Great  statesmen  are  hoping  that  some  time  all 
the  nations  of  the  world  will  form  a  league  like  the 
United  States  with  home  rule  for  each  nation  but 
union  of  all  for  world  peace  and  prosperity. 

The  national  flag  has  white  stripes  for  purity  and 


18  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

justice,  red  stripes  for  patriotic  sacrifice  unto  blood, 
and  the  stars  in  a  blue  field  for  trust  in  God. 
Look  up  and  not  down ; 
Look  forward  and  not  back; 
Look  out  and  not  in,  and 
Lend  a  hand. 

"The  citizen's  perfecting  is  the  spinal  cord  of 
civilization  in  America." 

To-day  is  a  better  day  than  the  world  ever  saw 
before,  but  to-morrow  will  be  still  better. 

Washington  said  in  his  inaugural:  "No  people  can 
be  bound  to  acknowledge  and  adore  the  invisible 
Hand  which  conducts  the  affairs  of  men  more  than 
the  people  of  the  United  States.  Every  step  by 
which  they  have  advanced  to  the  character  of  an  in- 
dependent nation  seems  to  have  been  distinguished 
by  some  token  of  providential  agency." 

The  "Liberty  Bell,"  in  Philadelphia,"  has  upon  it 
a  passage  from  Leviticus  25.  10,  from  the  Bible, 
"Proclaim  liberty  throughout  the  land  to  all  the 
inhabitants  thereof."  It  was  rung  when  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  was  signed  by  Congress,  July 
4,  1776. 


CHAPTER  IV 

THE  EXTENT  AND  RESOURCES  OF 
AMERICA 


WoED  Studies 

Explain 

simply,  have  the  students  write 

pronounce 

Descriptives, 

Action  Words, 

Names,  Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

miles 

next 

contains 

territory 

many 

stretches 

area 

single 

lies 

countries 

larger 

grown 

Atlantic 

extreme 

raises 

Pacific 

some 

abound 

lakes 

tropical 

support 

gulf 

pleasant 

supply 

temperate 

mild 

wasted 

zone 

richest 

reached 

fruits 

mineral 

adopted 

climate 

common 

trying 

region 

vast 

grains 

whole 

crops 

partial 

vegetables 

wiser 

animals 

bright 

mines 

stone 

forests 

products 

lomes 

resources 

education 

19 


20  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

1.  The  United  States  contains  about  three  million 
square  miles  of  territory.  It  is  next  to  Russia  in 
size,  and  has  many  single  States  larger  in  area  than 
many  European  countries.  The  United  States 
stretches  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the  Pacific, 
and  from  the  great  Lakes  on  the  north  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico. 

2.  It  lies  chiefly  in  the  temperate  zone  of  the  earth. 
In  the  extreme  south  some  tropical  fruits  can  be 
growTi,  and  on  the  Pacific  Coast  is  a  climate  mild  and 
pleasant  all  the  year. 

/  3.  It  is  the  greatest  farm  region  in  the  world. 
It  grows  all  grains,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  and  corn  in  vast 
crops,  and  rice  in  the  South.  It  grows  the  many 
vegetables,  fruits,  flowers,  plants,  and  trees  of  the 
temperate  zone,  and  has  the  animals,  domestic  and 
wild,  of  that  zone.  It  raises  cotton,  wool,  hemp,  flax, 
silk,  and  furs,  chiefly  for  clothing. 

4.  In  mineral  wealth  it  ranks  first  in  coal,  iron, 
copper,  zinc,  lead,  coal  oil,  and  other  such  products. 
In  gold  and  silver  it  is  among  the  first.  In  building 
stone,  marble,  limestone,  granite,  and  cement  it  is 
rich. 

5.  The  forests  of  America  abound  in  common 
and  hard  woods. 

6.  Domestic  animals  and  fowl  are  raised  in  vast 
numbers.  Horses,  cattle,  sheep,  poultry,  eggs,  milk 
and  its  products  of  butter  and  cheese;  fish,  oysters, 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  21 

crabs  and  other  water  food;  and  many  other  pro- 
ducts are  rapidly  increasing  every  year. 

7.  America  could  support  the  people  of  the  whole 
world  with  food  and  clothing;  and  plenty  of  room 
is  here  to  build  houses  to  live  in  comfortably.  Our 
great  States,  like  Texas  and  California,  could  prob- 
ably each  alone  supply  the  world's  food. 

8.  All  the  resources  of  America  are  only  in  their 
beginnings  of  development  and  use.  Very  much  is 
wasted  and  only  partial  crops  are  yet  reached.  The 
government  is  aiding  and  teaching  the  farmers, 
miners,  and  manufacturers,  and  better  methods  and 
larger  results  are  coming.  The  future  is  bright  with 
promise  of  prosperity  for  all  good  citizens. 

9.  Best  of  all,  America  is  trying  to  produce  the 
noblest  kind  of  men  and  women  in  the  world,  and 
to  give  the  richest  opportunity  to  all  the  children. 

Best  Thoughts  foe  Memokizixg 

"Here  there  is  no  rest, 
Better  climbs  to  best." 
"Progress  is  man's  distinctive  mark  alone, 

Man  partly  is  and  wholly  hopes  to  be." 
To  be  good  is  to  be  happy. 
"We  raise  men  here." 

The  highest  product  of  all  life  is  good  and  honest 
character. 

"He  is  the  freeman  whom  the  truth  makes  free." 


CHAPTER  V 

THE 

AMERICAN  GOVERNMENT 

Word  Studies 

Descriptives, 

Action  Words, 

Names,  Nouns 

A  djectives 

Verbs 

kings 

hereditary 

are  elected 

princes 

short 

give 

nobility- 

permanent 

based 

cities 

free 

framed 

towns 

repeated 

changed 

terms 

several 

remade 

nation 

equal 

called 

State 

every 

adopted 

principles 

sovereign 

may  become 

changes 

simple 

form 

citizen 

easy 

make 

voters 

political 

have  arisen 

residence 

different 

succeeds 

expense 

temporary 

signs 

parties 

official 

agrees 

ideas 

high 

may  pass 

candidates 

full 

require 

policies 

improved 

branches 

Court 

departments 

Cabinet 

1.  There  are  no  hereditary  kings,  nor  princes, 
nor  any  orders  of  nobility  in  the  United  States.  The 
rulers  in  America  in  towns,  cities,  States,  and  the 

22 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  23 

nation  are  elected  by  the  people  for  short  terms,  and 
they  must  give  up  office  to  those  who  are  next  elected. 

2.  The  American  government  of  the  nation  and 
of  the  States,  is  based  upon  constitutions,  or  perma- 
nent principles  of  free  governments,  in  set  and  com- 
plete form.  These  constitutions  were  framed  by 
representatives  of  the  people  in  convention,  and  can 
be  changed  only  after  repeated  elections  by  voters 
with  a  majority  of  all  voters  desiring  the  changes. 
State  constitutions  can  be  remade  by  conventions 
called  by  the  people,  and  then  adopted  by  the  people. 

3.  Every  citizen  is  free  and  equal  to  every  other 
under  the  privileges  and  protection  of  the  law. 

4.  Every  man,  and  in  many  States  the  woman 
also,  who  was  born  in  America,  when  they  reach 
twenty-one  years  of  age  is  a  sovereign  voter  to  elect 
the  rulers. 

5.  Immigrants  from  all  European  nations  may 
become  citizens  by  being  naturalized  after  five  years 
residence.  Naturalization  is  simple  and  easy  with 
small  expense.  It  is  given  upon  application  to  the 
courts  of  the  State. 

6.  Citizen  voters  form  themselves  into  political 
parties  now  chiefly  the  Democratic  and  the  Repub- 
lican parties.  These  parties  hold  to  different  great 
ideas  of  free  government  within  the  constitution. 
They  try  to  elect  candidates  upon  their  principles 
and  to  make  laws  in  accord  with  them. 


24  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

7.  Other  political  parties  have  arisen  at  different 
times  such  as  the  Federal,  the  Whig,  the  Prohibition, 
the  Greenback,  the  Progressive,  tlie  Socialist,  and 
the  Labor  parties. 

8.  A  great  number  of  voters  call  themselves  in- 
dependent of  all  parties  and  vote  for  such  candidates 
and  policies  as  they  think  best  at  elections,  or  these 
independent  voters  name  independent  candidates  and 
form  temporary  parties. 

9.  There  are  three  great  branches  of  the  United 
States  government:  the  Executive,  which  includes 
the  President  and  the  administrative  officers  under 
him;  the  law-making  body  called  Congress,  which 
contains  representatives  from  all  the  States  accord- 
ing to  the  number  of  their  people,  and  two  senators 
from  each  State,  the  Congress  being  in  two  bodies; 
thirdly,  the  Supreme  Court  and  the  lower  Federal 
Courts,  which  try  cases  under  the  law  and  whose 
judges  are  appointed  by  the  President, 

10.  With  the  President  there  is  elected  also  a 
Vice-President,  who  succeeds  the  President  in  case 
of  his  death  or  removal  from  office  before  the  end 
of  his  term. 

11.  The  President  appoints  the  heads  of  depart- 
ments of  the  government  who  form  his  Cabinet,  or 
body  of  official  advisers  in  the  affairs  of  govern- 
ment. There  are  now  ten  Cabinet  officers  called  the 
Secretaries  of  State,  of  the  Treasury,  of  the  Army,  of 
the  Navy,  of  the  Interior,  of  Commerce,  of  Agricul- 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  25 

tiire,  of  Labor,  the  Attorney-General,  and  the  Post- 
master-General. 

12.  The  President  is  elected  for  four  years  and 
may  be  reelected.  He  commands  the  army  and  the 
navy.  He  signs  all  laws  of  Congress  if  he  agrees 
with  them,  and  vetoes  them  if  he  disapproves.  Con- 
gress may  pass  the  law  he  vetoes  by  a  two-thirds  vote. 
The  Senate  gives  advice  and  approval  to  all  officers 
the  President  appoints. 

13.  Immigrants  may  be  elected  to  any  office  in 
the  United  States  except  that  of  President  or  Vice- 
President,  which  requires  native-born  Americans. 
The  child  of  any  immigrant  born  in  America  may 
become  President. 

1-i.  In  the  States  immigrants  may  be  elected  to 
the  governorship  or  to  any  other  office.  Many  im- 
migrants of  only  a  few  years  in  America  have  been 
honored  by  election  to  high  office  in  the  government. 

15.  The  laws  and  government  of  the  United  States 
and  of  the  States,  cities,  and  towns  are  steadily  being 
improved  so  as  to  give  largest  freedom  to  all,  full 
justice  to  every  citizen,  the  greatest  opportunity 
for  prosperity  and  happiness  to  all,  and  complete 
protection  against  crime  and  injuries  to  the  people. 

Best  Thoughts  foe  the  Memory 

President  Lincoln  said  that  the  United  States  is 
to  be  "a  government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  for 
the  people." 


2fi  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

Freedom,  law,  equal  rights  and  privileges,  and  re- 
sponsibility to  God  are  the  foundations  of  our  gov- 
ernment. 

The  President  and  all  other  officers  when  they 
leave  office  are  only  citizens  like  all  other  citizens  in 
the  land. 

Anarchy  and  rebellion  are  without  excuse  against 
our  free  government  by  the  people. 

The  Declaration  of  Independence  says:  "We  hold 
these  truths  to  be  self-evident:  That  all  men  are 
created  equal;  that  they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator 
with  certain  inalienable  rights;  that  among  these  are 
life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness.  That  to 
secure  these  rights,  governments  are  instituted  among 
men,  deriving  their  just  powers  from  the  consent  of 
the  governed." 

The  Government  of  the  United  States 

Legislative  Executive 

in  The  President 

Congress  Vice-President 

composed  of  Cabinet  of 

S^^^^^  Ten  Departments 

.  T.*""^         ...  The  Army 

House  of  Representatives  rp.      -vr    / 

President?  Approval         ^^^^^^    states   Marshals 
or  his  Veto 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  27 

Judicial 

The  Supreme  Court 

Circuit  Courts 

District  Courts 

United  States  Commissioners 

A  State  Government 

Legislative  Executive 

in  The   Governor 

State  Senate  Lieutenant-Governor 

House  of  Representatives      Executive   Departments 

State  Police 
State  :Militia 
Judicial 
The  Supreme  Court 
The  Superior  Court 

A  County  Government 


Executive 

Judicial 

County   Commissioners 

Judges  of  Criminal 

Treasurer 

and    Civil    Cases 

Auditor 

Orphans'  Court 

Register 

Judges 

etc. 

City,  town,  and 

village 

governments  differ  widely. 

CHAPTER  VI 

FREEDOM,  BUT  NOT  LICENSE 

Word  Studies 


Descriptives, 

Action  Words, 

Names,  Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

right 

free 

has 

speech 

new 

teach 

doctrine 

good 

desires 

DFogress 

evil 

tell 

ies 

full 

incite 

slander 

public 

publish 

crime 

other 

rebel 

license 

any 

may  hold 

press 

freely 

pleases 

news 

religious 

live 

science 

largest 

move 

history 

possible 

may  choose 

falsehoods 

every 

pursue 

assembly 

many 

injure 

anarchy 

hard 

can  compel 

restriction 

brotherly 

belong 

employment 

all 

punish 

partners 

contribute 

employers 

chooses 

enterprise 

grant 

church 

aims 

home 

ends 

conditions 

know 

1.    The   American   citizen   has   the   right   of   free 

28 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  29 

speech.  He  may  teach  any  doctrine  of  liuman  liberty 
or  progress  tliat  he  desires  to  teach.  But  he  must  not 
tell  lies  about  men,  which  is  the  crime  of  slander, 
against  the  law,  nor  incite  men  to  crime  or  rebellion. 
That  is  not  liberty,  which  is  good,  but  license,  which 
is  evil. 

2.  The  American  citizen  has  the  liberty  of  a  free 
press.  He  may  publish  any  news  he  knows,  any  facts 
of  science  or  history,  any  truths  he  desires  to  teach. 
But  he  must  not  publish  falsehoods  about  men  nor 
teach  men  to  rob  or  murder  others  or  to  rebel  ag-ainst 
government.  He  has  full  liberty  to  good,  but  no 
license  to  evil. 

3.  The  American  citizen  has  the  liberty  of  public 
assembly  or  meeting  with  other  citizens  for  any  pur- 
pose which  is  good.  He  may  hold  meetings  with  other 
citizens  as  often  as  he  pleases  for  any  purpose  which 
does  not  incite  to  crime  or  anarchy. 

4.  The  American  citizen  may  freely  live  in  any 
part  of  the  country  and  may  move  from  place  to  place 
as  he  desires  with  no  restriction  from  the  government. 

5.  He  may  choose  any  employment  he  pleases  and 
pursue  it  with  energy  in  ways  agreeable  to  him,  his 
partners  or  employers.  So  long  as  he  does  not  injure 
others  by  his  work  there  is  no  limit  in  law  to  his 
enterprise  or  success  or  remuneration. 

6.  He  is  free  in  his  religious  life.  No  one  can 
compel  him  to  belong  to  any  church  nor  to  contrib- 
ute to  any  religion,  nor  punish  him  for  his  religious 


30  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

views  or  practices.  It  is  his  liberty  unless  he  does 
harm  to  other  people  in  some  way.  This  harm  the 
law  forbids. 

7.  American  home  life  is  free.  A  man  or  a  woman 
freely  chooses  a  life  partner,  and  makes  the  home 
whatever  is  possible,  within  the  limits  of  no  harm  to 
others. 

8.  In  all  these  particulars  immigrants  know  that 
American  life  and  liberty  are  different  from  the  hard 
conditions  of  countries  under  kings  born  to  rule 
without  the  people^s  consent.  Good  immigrants, 
therefore,  will  be  careful  not  to  step  beyond  liberty 
into  license.  They  will  use  all  their  freedom  with 
brotherly  care  for  all  men. 

9.  America  aims  to  grant  the  largest  possible  lib- 
erty to  all  people.  But  when  many  people  live  to- 
gether every  man  must  be  careful  in  his  liberty  not 
to  take  away  another's  property  or  liberty.  Liberty 
ends  where  rights  begin. 

10.  American  liberty  is  built  upon  a  Christian  con- 
science. Every  American  ought  gladly  to  be  a  good 
Christian,  join  the  church  he  loves,  and  do  all  the 
good  he  can  to  all  men. 

Best  Thoughts  foe  Memory 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  has 
decided  that  America  is  a  Christian  nation. 

"The  swing  of  my  arm's  liberty  ends  where  another 
man's  nose  begins." 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  31 

When  all  citizens  are  good  citizens  every  one  will 
have  the  largest  liberty. 

It  is  not  right  to  license  any  business  which  is  evil 
or  hvniful. 

ThJk  laws  of  America  are  a  guide  to  the  good 
citizens. 

Law  should  make  it  easy  to  do  right  and  hard  to 
do  wrong. 

Obedience  is  the  first  good  lesson  of  citizenship  in 
a  free  country. 

Be  a  patriot  every  day  in  the  year. 


CHAPTER  VII 

THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 

Study  of  Words 


Descriptives, 

Action  Words, 

Names,  Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

rulers 

real 

rule 

people 

only 

to  make 

representatives 

short 

to  enforce 

officers 

first 

administer 

judges 

Anglo-Saxon 

came 

Indians 

united 

formed 

immigrants 

middle 

settled 

beginning 

strong 

freed 

element 

good 

formed 

Holland 

long 

received 

Germany 

terrible 

wronged 

France 

peaceable 

began 

Ireland 

free 

to  hate 

Scandinavians 

other 

to  fight 

Swedes 

equal 

raged 

Danes 

full 

have  become 

Norwegians 

was  held 

West 

stopped 

Northwest 

continued 

wars 

Negro 

Italians 

Greeks 

Syrians 

Polish 

Lithuanian 

Russian 

32 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  33 

1.  The  real  rulers  of  iVmerica  are  the  people,  and 
only  the  people.  They  rule  by  electing  representa- 
tives to  make  laws  for  them,  by  electing  officers  to 
enforce  the  law  and  judges  to  administer  them. 
All  the  officers  are  elected  for  short  terms  and  must 
give  way  to  others  elected  after  them. 

2.  The  American  people,  except  a  few  hundred 
thousand  Indians,  all  came  as  immigrants  to 
America. 

3.  First  to  the  United  States  came  the  English 
people,  and  at  the  beginning  they  formed  the  largest 
part,  called  the  Anglo-Saxon  element  of  the  nation. 
They  settled  the  country,  freed  it  from  English 
rule,  framed  the  constitution  and  the  government 
as  we  have  it. 

4.  Then  came  the  people  of  Holland,  Germany, 
France,  Ireland.  In  most  cases  they  settled  among 
the  English,  intermarried  with  them,  and  formed 
the  united  American  nation. 

5.  Later  came  the  Scandinavians,  the  Swedes,  the 
Danes,  the  Norwegians,  who  settled  mostly  in  the 
Middle  West  and  Northwest.  They  are  a  strong  and 
good  element  of  the  people. 

6.  The  Indians,  who  were  scattered  all  over  Amer- 
ica when  the  Europeans  came,  at  first  received  them 
kindly.  But  some  of  the  settlers  wronged  the  In- 
dians and  the  Indians  soon  began  to  hate  and  to 
fight  the  white  men.     Long  and  terrible  wars  raged 


34  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

between  them  until  lately,  when  nearly  all  the  In- 
dians have  become  peaceable. 

7.  The  Negro  came  to  America  a  slave  from 
Africa.  He  was  held  a  slave  at  one  time  both  in  the 
North  and  the  South.  Slave-trading  was  ended  in 
1808,  but  the  slavery  of  the  Negroes  here  was  con- 
tinued until  18G3.  During  the  terrible  war  between 
the  States  President  Lincoln  freed  all  the  slaves. 
They  are  now  free  and  growing  in  prosperity,  edu- 
cation, and  good  citizenship. 
^  8.  Chinese  and  Japanese  have  also  come,  but  are 
not  yet  admitted  to  citizenship. 

9.  The  latest  coming  Americans  are  from  South- 
ern and  Eastern  Europe  and  are  Italians,  Greeks, 
Syrians,  Polish,  Lithuanians,  Russians,  and  Aus- 
trians. 

10.  But  all  these  peoples  may  become  good  Amer- 
icans and  are  free.  They  are  equal  Jjefore  the  law 
with  the  first  comers,  who  are  now  the  native  Amer- 
icans. 

11.  The  American  people  desire  for  themselves 
and  their  children  education,  peace,  prosperity,  and 
full  justice  to  all. 

Best   Thoughts   for  Memory 

President  Lincoln  said,  "God  must  have  loved 
the  common  people,  for  he  made  so  many  of  them." 
.  America  has  been  called  the  "melting-pot"  of  the 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  35 

world.  All  kinds  of  human  nature  are  cast  in  and 
fused  together  for  the  pure  gold  of  good  citizens. 

Immigrants  send  their  children  to  the  schools  and 
some  of  these  children  take  the  highest  honors  year 
after  year.  y 

It  is  desirable  that  all  immigrants  learn  English 
as  soon  as  possible  and  speak  only  English  to  their 
children  and  in  business. 

The  evil  customs  and  superstitions  of  Europe 
ought  not  to  be  kept  up  in  America. 

Immigrants  ought  to  turn  away  from  the  evils 
yet  lingering  in  America  and  help  good  citizens  to 
overthrow  them. 

Idleness  leads  to  drunkenness,  crime,  and  want. 

Live  right  whether  others  do  or  not.  Abraham 
Lincoln,  in  his  Gettysburg  address,  says,  "Our 
fathers  brought  forth  upon  this  continent  a  new 
nation,  conceived  in  liberty,  and  dedicated  to  the 
proposition  that  all  men  are  created  equal.  It  is 
for  us  to  be  dedicated  to  the  great  task  remaining 
before  us,  that  the  nation  shall,  under  God,  have 
a  new  birth  of  freedom,  and  that  government  of  the 
people,  by  the  people,  and  for  the  people  shall  not 
perish  from  the  earth." 


CHAPTER  VIII 


THE    COMING    AMERICANS 


Word   Studies 


Descriptives, 

Action  Words, 

Names,  Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

laws 

certain 

keep 

classes 

good 

are  kept 

health 

political 

sent 

character 

contract 

would  liave 

murder 

free 

to  support 

crimes 

bad 

permitted 

army 

diseased 

to  enter 

changes 

bond 

are  sent 

diseases 

vast 

persuaded 

cripples 

many 

given 

manufacturers 

move 

to  work 

money 

native 

to  repay 

laborers 

real 

allowed 

wages 

foreign 

exclude 

purpose 

better 

lower 

privileges 

have  come 

Boston 

learn 

New  York 

mingle 

Chicago 

to  live 

language 

to  learn 

business 

to  adopt 

friendships 

to  know 

movement 

avoid 

progress 

copy 

sections 

should  be  sent 

customs 

trained 

children 

36 


STUDIES  FOE  IMMIGRANTS  37 

1.  The  laws  concerning  immigrants  keep  ont  cer- 
tain classes,  but  not  one  man,  woman,  or  child  who 
is  in  good  health  and  has  good  character. 

2.  Men  guilty  of  murder  or  other  crimes  in  their 
home  land  are  kept  out  or  sent  back,  but  not  for 
political  crimes  like  refusing  to  serve  in  the  army 
or  agitating  for  changes  in  government. 

3.  Immigrants  who  have  diseases  that  are  con- 
tagious, or  who  are  crippled,  sick,  or  aged  so  that 
the  State  would  have  to  support  them,  are  not  per- 
mitted to  enter  America.  They  also  are  sent  back 
to  Europe. 

4.  Immigrants  who  were  persuaded  to  come  by 
manufacturers  or  other  employers  of  labor  in  Amer- 
ica, and  who  were  given  money  to  come,  and  are 
bound  to  these  manufacturers  or  others  to  work  to 
repay  the  money  given  to  them  are  not  allowed  to 
enter.  These  are  called  contract  laborers  and  are 
excluded  because  they  are  not  free,  and  would  lower 
the  wages  of  those  already  here. 

5.  Every  other  law  relating  to  immigration  is  for 
the  purpose  only  of  keeping  out  the  bad  or  the  dis- 
eased or  the  bond  laborer,  and  of  freely  admitting 
the  good  man  to  all  the  privileges  of  American  citi- 
zenship. 

6.  Vast  numbers  of  immigrants  have  come  to 
America.  As  many  as  one  million  and  more  came 
in  a  single  year.  In  many  great  cities,  like  Boston, 
New  York,  and  Chicago,  there  are  more  immigrants 


38  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

than  native  Americans.  In  New  York  there  are 
more  Jews  than  in  Jerusalem,  and  more  Irish  than 
in  Dublin.  Some  Western  cities,  like  Cincinnati 
and  Milwaukee,  are  largely  German,  and  some 
States,  like  Minnesota,  are  chiefly  Scandinavian,  or, 
like  Louisiana,  chiefly  French. 

7.  It  is  desirable  that  all  immigrants  should  at 
once  learn  the  English  language  and  mingle  in  busi- 
ness, in  friendships,  and  in  every  good  movement 
with  all  other  Americans.  It  will  be  harmful  to  the 
immigrant  and  to  the  real  progress  of  our  America 

j  to  have  foreign  languages  continued  here,  or  for  im- 
\  migrants  to  live  together  in   certain  towns,  or  sec- 
tions of  cities,  continuing  their  foreign  language  and 
old-country  customs  apart. 

8.  It  is  better  for  immigrants  to  learn  all  good 
-^  American  ways  at  once  and  to  adopt  them  in  their 

homes,  business,  and  society;  also,  to  know  what  is 
evil  in  America  and  to  avoid  it  from  the  first  and 
always.  Some  immigrants  copy  everything  in  Amer- 
ica, good  and  bad,  and  are  strong  supporters  of  what 
is  bad. 

9.  The  immigrant  children  should  be  sent  to  good 
schools  and  trained  in  all  good  American  life  and 
customs. 

Best  Thoughts  for  Memory 

America  is  the  "Promised  Land"  to  all  the  op- 
pressed of  earth. 


STUDIES  FOE  IMMIGRANTS  39 

Good  Americans  hold  out  a  warm  hand  of  wel- 
come to  every  good  immigrant. 

It  depends  upon  immigrants  aiding  good  Amer- 
icans whether  America  shall  continue  to  be  the  best 
land  for  the  struggling  races. 

Good  immigrants  will  be  liberal  in  giving  to  every 
good  cause.  They  must  help  to  keep  America  pure 
and  true  by  their  money  and  their  service. 

The  churches  in  America  lead  in  every  good  cause, 
and  immigrants  must  work  in  and  through  the 
churches  as  Americans  do. 

"Look  up  and  lift  up." 

"Habits  are  soon  assumed  but  when  we  strive 
To  strip  them  off,  it  is  being  flayed  alive." 

"A  good  name  is  rather  to  be  chosen  than  great 
riches." 

Never  sell  your  vote. 


CHAPTER  IX 

AMERICA  AS   OPPORTUNITY 

Word  Studies 

Names,  Nouns 

Descriptives, 
Adjectives 

Action  Words, 
Verbs 

Emerson 
opportunity 

great 
another 

say 
said 

doors 
work 

open 
honest 

means 

pay 

wages 

best 

paid 

world 

richest 

to  work 

factory 

richer 

will  learn 

field 

rich 

will  try 

mines 

faithful 

started 

trades 

industrious 

spared 

professions 

honest 

were  made 

business 

fellow 

are  filled 

employer 

errands 

laborers 

useful 

good 

able 

can  reach 
to  keep 
rise 

apprentices 
workmen 

greater 
thorough 

lead 
will  avoid 

inventions 

kind 

teach 

machines 
electricity 

neighborly 
strong 

farming 

evil 

employ 
colleges 

universities 

education 

misfortunes 

hardships 
criminals 

gamblers 
rowdies 

40 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  41 

1.  A  great  American  thinker,  Ralph  A¥aldo  Emer- 
son, said,  "America  is  only  another  name  for  oppor- 
tunity." Opportunity  is  a  picture  word  and  means 
open  doors  for  everybody  to  success. 

2.  America  has  open  doors  to  honest  work  at  best 
wages  for  all  men.  In  factory,  in  field,  in  the  mines, 
at  all  trades,  professions,  and  callings,  and  in  busi- 
ness doors  are  wide  open  for  good  men  who  want 
to  work  honestly  and  efficiently.  The  good  citizen 
will  learn  all  he  can  about  his  work,  will  try  to  do 
it  well  and  profitably  both  for  himself  and  for  his 
employer. 

3.  Many  of  the  richest  men  in  America  started 
life  as  poor  boys  running  errands,  or  office  boys,  or 
laborers,  or  apprentices  to  trades.  They  were  faith- 
ful, industrious,  honest;  they  learned  their  business, 
spared  no  effort  to  do  their  best,  and  were  courteous 
to  employers  and  kind  to  fellow  workmen. 

4.  Many  great  inventions  were  made  by  Amer- 
icans, especially  in  useful  machines,  in  electricity,  in 
tools  for  farming  and  the  trades,  and  in  many  other 
ways.  The  greatest  of  these  inventors,  like  Thomas 
A.  Edison,  say  that  there  are  many  more  useful  in- 
ventions possible  than  all  that  have  yet  been  made. 
Thousands  of  men  are  working  to  produce  inven- 
tions. 

5.  In  government  employ  there  are  open  doors  for 
immigrants.  Many  offices,  like  governors  of  States, 
congressmen,  judges,  State  legislators  and  officials, 


42  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

and  other  positions  of  trust  in  the  city,  State,  and 
national  governments,  are  filled  hy  good  and  able  im- 
migrants, and  many  more  by  the  children  of  im- 
migrants born  and  educated  in  the  United  States. 

6.  These  children  of  immigrants  have  still 
greater  opi^ortunities  in  America.  By  learning  the 
English  language  thoroughly,  by  using  the  public 
free  schools,  and,  if  possible,  the  colleges  and  uni- 
versities for  a  thorough  education,  and  by  develop- 
ing a  good  name  for  honesty,  faithfulness,  and 
ability  these  sons  and  daughters  can  reach  the  best 
places  of  honor,  power,  and  wealth  in  America. 
There  is  nothing  in  the  law  or  customs  of  America 
to  keep  any  man  down  and  out  of  the  best  that 
America  has  to  offer. 

7.  Every  man  gets  the  best  for  himself  by  being 
kind,  neighborly,  and  good  to  all  other  people.  We 
must  never  try  to  rise  upon  the  misfortunes  and 
hardships  of  other  people,  nor  rise  by  cheating  and 
oppressing  other  men. 

8.  There  are  opportunities  to  become  criminals  or 
saloonkeepers,  gamblers,  and  rowdies  in  America. 
Bad  company,  strong  drink,  evil  moving  pictures 
and  books,  and  other  influences  lead  to  these  bad 
ways.  Our  jails  and  penitentiaries  have  many  im- 
migrants who  go  astray.  But  the  good  immigrant 
will  avoid  these  evils  and  teach  his  children  to  keep 
away  from  them. 


STUDIES  FOR  IiM MIGRANTS  43 

Best  Thoughts  for  Me:mory 

America  is  only  in  small  measure  yet  opened  in 
her  resources.  Europe  has  been  worked  out  for  cen- 
turies. 

Large  parts  of  the  United  States  have  a  small 
number  of  people.  Millions  more  can  find  room 
before  there  will  be  the  crowded  condition  of  Eu- 
rope. 

Open  doors  to  work,  to  good  homes,  to  line  schools, 
to  helpful  churches,  to  warm  friends,  to  every  good 
thing,  is  the  opportunity  of  America. 

It  takes  a  good  man  to  make  the  best  of  a  rich 
opportunity. 

"The  thing  I  am  most  afraid  of  is  fear." 

"The  only  real  help  is  self-help." 

"It  is  easier  to  climb  a  mountain  than  to  level  it." 

"Genius  is  the  power  to  take  a  hint." 


CHAPTER  X 

IJ^IMIGRANTS  WHO  HAVE  BECOME  GEEAT 
IN  AMERICA 


Word  Studies 

Descriptive!!, 

Action  Words, 

Names,  Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

war 

noted 

came 

freedom 

valuable 

to  assist 

Frenchmen 

famous 

made 

Lafayette 

eminent 

have  become 

De  Kalb 

great 

give 

generals 

living 

called 

heroes 

poor 

fled 

Count  Pulaski 

rich 

became 

Kosciuszko 

unsuccessful 

investigates 

De  Steuben 

noble 

has  written 

adviser 

civil 

history 

electrical 

millions 

eloquent 

physicians 

famous 

artists 

popular 

musicians 

jrofessors 

awyers 

Carnegie 

Sc'hurz 

Ebcrhart 

scientist 

engineer 

inventor 

lecturer 

44 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  45 

1.  In  the  War  for  Freedom,  177G  to  1T81,  two 
Boted  Frenchmen  came  to  America  to  assist  in  the 
struggle.  They  were  Lafayette  and  Baron  De  Kalb. 
Washington  made  them  generals  in  his  army.  Two 
Polish  heroes,  Count  Pulaski  and  Thaddeus  Kos- 
ciuszko,  also  gave  valuable  help,  and,  a  German,  Baron 
de  Steuben,  was  with  Washington  as  adviser  and 
officer, 

2.  In  later  American  history  out  of  millions  of 
immigrants  many  hundreds  have  become  famous. 
They  are  noted  physicians,  artists,  musicians,  busi- 
ness men,  college  professors,  lawyers,  and  ministers 
of  religion.  There  are  so  many  of  these  great  men 
of  foreign  birth  in  America  we  cannot  even  give  a 
list  of  their  names. 

3.  In  the  American  book  of  famous  living  men. 
Who's  Who  in  America,  in  1915,  there  are  11  great 
men  who  came  from  Poland,  2  from  Lithuania,  22 
from  Hungary,  10  from  Bohemia,  39  from  Austria, 
26  from  Denmark,  2  from  Greece,  3  from  Roumania, 
11  from  Syria,  47  from  Italy,  58  from  Russia,  and 
385  from  Germany,  besides  many  others  from  France 
and  England. 

4.  Of  men  who  have  become  very  rich,  Andrew 
Carnegie,  the  iron  master,  came  from  Scotland,  a 
poor  boy;  Henry  Clews,  the  banker,  from  England; 
Jacob  H,  Schiff  from  Germany. 

5.  In  public  offices  Carl  Schurz,  a  German  pa- 
triot who  fled  to  America  after  the  unsuccessful  rev- 


46  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

olutioii  of  1848,  became  a  general  in  the  Union 
army,  a  United  States  Senator  from  Missouri,  and 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  in  the  Cabinet  of  Presi- 
dent Hayes.  He  was  a  noble  patriot  and  leader  in 
many  good  movements.  Adolph  0.  Eberhart,  a 
Swede,  was  elected  governor  of  Minnesota;  Victor 
L.  Berger,  of  Austria-Hungary,  a  congressman  from 
"Wisconsin;  Oscar  Straus,  a  German  Jew,  United 
States  Minister  to  Turkey;  Eugene  Lentz,  a  Ger- 
man, rear-admiral  in  the  United  States  navy. 

6.  Of  great  scientists  who  are  immigrants  there 
are  Professor  Jacques  Loeb,  who  investigates  life 
problems;  Waldemar  Kaempffavt,  editor  of  the  Sci- 
entific American;  John  A.  Roebling,  builder  of 
great  bridges;  Ralph  Modjeska,  Polish,  famous  civil 
engineer;  the  Jastrow  brothers,  Polish. 

7.  Nikola  Tesla,  Hungarian,  is  an  electrical  in- 
ventor, next  only  to  Tliomas  A.  Edison.  Edison 
himself  is  the  child  of  foreign  parents. 

8.  John  Sobieski,  Polish,  is  an  eloquent  lecturer; 
Felix  Adler,  a  famous  teacher;  Dr.  Edward  A. 
Steiner,  Austrian,  writer  and  speaker  on  immigra- 
tion questions. 

9.  Mary  Antin,  a  Russian  Jewess,  has  written  the 
most  popular  books  on  immigrants ;  Jacob  Riis,  Dane, 
was  a  noted  author  and  reformer. 

10.  The  number  of  famous  singers,  and  musical 
directors,  artists,  and  rich  business  men  who  came 
to  America  poor  and  unknown  is  very  large.     They 


STUDIES  FOE  IMMIGRANTS  47 

show  what  a  great  opportunity  for  an  industrious, 
honest,  aspiring  young  man  or  woman  America  has 
always  been. 

Best  Thoughts  for  Memory 

Character  and  ability  are  the  open  doors  in  Amer- 
ica to  great  success. 

The  children  of  immigrants  in  America  are  among 
her  most  noted  men  and  women. 

All  national  prejudices  and  racial  dislikes  die  out 
in  our  free  and  equal  privileges  for  all  people. 

The  Jew  finds  the  "Promised  Land"  in  the  United 
States,  where  he  is  respected  and  honored. 

The  Polish,  Finnish,  and  Lithuanian  peoples,  op- 
pressed in  Europe,  may  become  rulers  in  America. 

"Trying  will  do  anything  in  the  world." 

"The  gifted  man  is  he  who  sees  the  essential 
point." 

"If  you  are  not  too  large  for  the  place  you  oc- 
cupy, you  are  too  small  for  it."  (President  Gar- 
field.) 

"What  is  more  pathetic  than  the  unconscious  pos- 
session of  great  power  ?" 


CHAPTER  XI 

DUTIES    OF    CITIZENSHIP 

Word  Studies 

Descriptives, 

Action  Words, 

Names,  Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

citizen 

grave 

has 

citizenship 

splendid 

have 

duties 

all 

must  do 

freedom 

right 

must  develop 

privileges 

just 

stand 

force 

good 

stood 

conscience 

every 

to  protect 

soldier 

first 

units 

character 

harmful 

must  study 

weak 

vast 

can  study 

oppressed 

common 

will  study 

liberty 

foreign 

is  called 

prosperity 

moral 

can  vote 

examples 

material 

knows 

questions 

real 

mean 

tariff 

strong 

affect 

enterprises 

corrupt 

must  act 

relation 

religious 

stand 

business 

rich 

guard 

phases 

poor 

welcomed 

welfare 

ungrateful 

receive 

progress 

selfish 

give 

drink 

hard 

to  put 

gambling 

unjust 

sent 

bigotry 

later 

looks 

wrongs 

true 

women 

brotherly 

children 

peace 

arbitration 

sympathy 

distress 

48 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGEANTS  49 

1.  Citizenship  in  America  has  grave  duties  along 
Avith  its  splendid  freedom  and  privileges. 

2.  The  citizen  being  free  from  all  force  from 
Avithout  must  from  his  own  conscience  do  what  is 
right,  just,  and  good.  No  soldier  or  king  being  over 
him,  he  must  himself  develop  a  good  character  in 
every  respect. 

3.  The  first  citizens  of  America  were  neighborly 
and  helpful  to  each  other;  they  were  ready  to  pro- 
tect the  weak  and  the  oppressed;  they  stood  for  lib- 
erty and  prosperity  for  all  the  people;  they  united 
against  every  harmful  thing.  They  are  the  true 
examples  for  the  new  citizens  now  coming  to  Amer- 
ica. 

4.  The  good  citizen  must  study  the  questions  of 
government  as  fully  as  he  can.  He  is  called  upon  to 
vote  on  the  tariff,  on  questions  of  vast  enterprises 
and  importance  for  the  common  good,  on  changes 
in  government's  relation  to  business  or  other  phases 
of  life,  and  on  many  things  new  and  old  affecting 
the  moral  and  material  welfare  of  the  people.  He 
cannot  vote  wisely  unless  he  knows  what  these  ques- 
tions mean  and  how  they  will  affect  the  people.  So 
he  must  read  up,  think,  discuss  with  fellow  voters, 
decide  honestly. 

5.  The  good  citizen  must  act  courageously  with 
others  in  promoting  real  progress  in  America.  He 
must  stand  against  the  evils  of  strong  drink,  gam- 
bling, corrupt  politics,  religious  or  race  bigotry,  op- 


50  STUDIES  FOR  nniKiKANTS 

pression  of  working  people,  or  wrongs  to  women  and 
children.  He  must  guard  against  politics  that  leads 
to  crime  or  to  the  overthrow  of  the  rights  of  men, 
rich  or  poor,  or  to  the  subversion  of  real  liberty  for 
all  men, 

6,  He  must  stand  for  international  peace  and  ar- 
bitration, for  the  earliest  possible  disarming  of  all 
nations,  and  the  end  of  war, 

7,  As  the  immigrant  has  been  welcomed  to  Amer- 
ica, so  he  as  a  citizen  must  heartily  receive  later 
comers  and  give  them  every  assistance  in  his  power. 
It  is  very  ungrateful  and  selfish  for  earlier  immi- 
grants to  put  hard  and  unjust  restrictions  in  the 
way  of  those  now  coming, 

8,  The  true  American  is  a  lover  of  freedom  and 
has  the  spirit  of  real  brotherly  sympathy  for  all  who 
are  oppressed  or  in  distress  in  all  the  world.  Vast 
sums  of  money  and  supplies  have  been  sent  out  by 
Americans  to  famine  sufferers,  to  the  victims  of 
great  wars,  earthquakes,  fires,  and  other  disasters  in 
all  lands.  All  the  world  when  in  distress  looks  to 
America  for  help,  and  heretofore  has  not  been  dis- 
appointed. The  new  citizens  are  all  helping  in  this 
world-wide  beneficence. 

Best  Thoughts  for  Mt:MORY 

"No  rights  without  duties,  no  duties  without 
rights." 

The  good  citizen  in  time  of  war  gives  his  life  to 


STUDIES  FOR  BIMIGPtANTS  51 

his  country  and  in  time  of  peace  he  votes  right  and 
lives  honestly. 

The  good  President,  governor,  or  judge  and  all 
other  good  officers  should  he  honored  and  upheld  by 
all  citizens. 

It  is  a  great  evil  to  slander  good  men  in  public 
office. 

Laws  in  America  may  be  changed  if  unjust,  but 
they  should  be  obeyed  unless  against  our  conscience. 

Law  abiding,  intelligent,  conscientious,  faithful, 
are  terms  descriptive  of  a  good  citizen  in  America. 

"Never  do  evil  that  good  may  come  of  it." 

The  Bible,  the  Sabbath,  and  the  home  are  great 
institutions  in  America. 


CHAPTER  XII 
AMERICAN  IDEALS 


Word   Studies 

Names,  Nouns 

Descriptirp.s, 
Adjectives 

Action  Words, 
Verba 

founders 

noble 

was 

Washington 
Franklin 
Jefferson 
Penn 

lofty 
highest 
helpful 
honest 

were 
to  be 
cherished 
could  be  made 

Baltimore 

Oglethorpe 

ideals 

industrious 

patriotic 

famous 

to  promote 

thought 

welcomed 

oppression 
welfare 

perfect 
more 

expects 
has  stood 

prosperity 
happiness 

other 
weaker 

want 
cultivated 

time 
refuge 

special 
most 

expected 
to  engage 

nations 

high 

are  closed 

standard 

higher 

sends 

merchant 

leads 

manufacturer 

exists 

benevolence 

desire 

shiploads 
doctors 

to  help 
quarrel 

nurses 

Canada 

century 
favors 

courts 

Constitution 

62 


THE   I.IBERTY  BELL 


54  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

olence  to  the  suffering  of  all  lands.  It  sends  ship- 
loads of  food  to  those  in  famine,  it  sends  doctors  and 
nurses  to  great  plagues;  it  sends  millions  in  money 
to  the  needy.  The  Red  Cross  Society  leads  in  these 
good  works,  but  there  are  hundreds  of  other  so- 
cieties or  groups  of  men  and  women  doing  these  acts 
of  charity. 

7.  America  leads  the  world  in  peace  between  the 
nations  and  in  arbitration  of  disputes  between  na- 
tions. The  United  States  and  Canada  have  been  at 
peace  for  a  century.  Not  a  fort  nor  an  army  nor  a 
war  vessel  exists  in  all  the  three  thousand  miles  of 
border  by  land  and  the  great  lakes.  America  and 
England  have  been  at  peace  for  a  hundred  years. 
Our  country  does  not  desire  any  more  land  nor  any 
power  over  other  nations.  She  wants  to  help  all  peo- 
ples, not  quarrel  with  any,  nor  take  advantage  of 
weaker  nations. 

8.  American  ideals  of  freedom  and  justice  to  all 
men  are  written  in  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
in  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  in  the  vari- 
ous State  constitutions,  and  in  the  great  decisions  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  and  other 
courts. 

9.  American  laws  aim  to  secure  perfect  justice  to 
all  her  citizens,  native  and  immigrant. 

10.  American  rulers,  from  the  President  to  the 
police  officer,  seek  to  protect  all  and  to  favor  no  one. 

11.  American  courts  of  law  are  formed  for  justice 


STUDIES  FOE  IMMIGRANTS  55 

to  all.  Judges  are  careful  of  the  rights  of  accused 
men.  Lawyers  are  provided  by  the  Court  for  those 
too  poor  to  pay  for  a  lawyer.  The  trial  is  by  jury 
of  citizens  selected  by  lot  and  further  selected  by  the 
lawyers  on  each  side,  who  may  object  to  a  certain 
number  of  the  jurors  drawn  for  their  case  to  be  tried. 

Best  Thoughts  for  Memoey 

"Hitch  your  wagon  to  a  star."     (Emerson.) 

Aim  always  to  reach  the  highest  character  as  citi- 
zen, as  neighbor,  as  workman,  as  father,  brother,  son, 
or  friend,  or  husband. 

A  good  life  is  a  rich  contribution  to  a  nation's 
power. 

A  lie  is  never  justifiable. 

Pay  all  your  debts  promptly. 

A  wrong  done  to  another  is  a  greater  wrong  done 
to  one's  own  life. 

Christ  is  our  perfect  example,  the  Bible  our  sure 
guide. 

The  saloon  is  the  maker  of  crime,  poverty,  and 
disgrace.  It  is  being  rapidly  driven  out  of  State 
after  State. 

Help  the  other  fellow  first. 


CHAPTER  XIII 
THE   PUBLIC   SCHOOLS   FOR  ALL   PEOPLE 


Word  Studies 

Kouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

statesman 

good 

realize 

30wer 

ignorant 

educate 

lands 

evil 

train 

people 

wicked 

will  go 

citizenship 

young 

deceived 

country 

youngest 

support 

ruin 

great 

perfect 

schools 

better 

are  graded 

child 

best 

undertakes 

life 

medical 

prepares 

system 

physical 

furnish 

colleges 

special 

may  have 

universities 

little 

provide 

books 

early 

to  help 

education 

fourteen 

compel 

meals 

outreach ing 

forbid 

inspection 

older 

teach  ' 

parents 

adult 

fitted 

employment 

broader 

become 

training 

helpful 

defend 

playgrounds 

destroy 

lectures 

divide 

schemes 

1.  American  statesmen  realize  that  in  our  govern- 
ment, where  all  power  is  in  the  hands  of  the  people, 

56 


STUDIES  FOR  IMiMIC RANTS  57 

the  people  must  be  educated  and  trained  in  good  cit- 
izenship, or  the  country  will  go  to  ruin.  Ignorant 
voters  may  be  deceived  by  bad  men  into  supporting 
corrupt  officers,  wicked  laws,  and  oppression  of  men. 

2.  So  the  United  States  government  and  the  State 
governments  support  and  perfect  schools  for  all  the 
people.  These  schools  are  graded  to  begin  with  the 
young  child  and  to  prepare  him  step  by  step  for 
life's  work,  for  citizenship,  and  success.  The  States 
now  have  a  system  that  leads  to  State  colleges  and 
universities,  or  prepares  for  the  best  great  univer- 
sities and  colleges. 

3.  Most  of  the  States  now  furnish  books  to  pupils 
so  that  the  poorest  of  the  poor  may  have  the  highest 
education.  Some  communities  even  provide  car- 
riages to  schools  at  a  distance  and  morning  meals  for 
children  not  fully  fed  at  home.  Medical  inspection 
is  given  to  children  to  detect  any  diseases  or  phys- 
ical defects,  and  special  schools  for  children  back- 
ward in  learning. 

4.  The  laws  in  most  States  compel  the  parents  to 
send  their  children  to  school,  for  there  are  parents 
who  would  make  the  little  child  work  from  early 
years  and  receive  no  education.  Laws  forbid  the  em- 
ployment of  children  under  fourteen  years  of  age 
and  require  some  schooling  for  working  children  even 
after  fourteen  years  of  age. 

6.  The  public  schools  in  many  places  teach  the 
handling  of  tools  in  working  in  wood,  iron,  and  other 


58  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

materials  in  manual  training  toward  carpentry, 
blacksmithing,  and  electrical  work;  they  teach  sew- 
ing, cooking,  millinery,  care  of  babies  and  little  chil- 
dren, and  housework,  music,  drawing,  and  commer- 
cial courses. 

7.  Most  of  the  cities  have  evening  schools  for 
working  people. 

8.  Playgrounds  in  cities  are  another  outreaching 
service  of  the  public  school  system.  Teachers  of 
plays  and  attendants  care  for  the  children  of  the 
playgrounds,  and  some  of  the  grounds  are  expen- 
sively fitted  up. 

9.  Evening  lectures  are  provided  for  parents  and 
older  people  in  schemes  of  adult  education. 

10.  The  free  schools  are  steadily  being  improved 
to  make  them  broader  and  more  helpful  to  all  the 
people. 

11.  All  good  citizens  should  defend  the  public 
schools  against  those  who  would  destroy  them  and 
divide  their  funds  for  sectarian  religious  schools. 

12.  America  has  20,000,000  children  in  public 
schools,  1,000,000  in  high  schools,  GOO  colleges  with 
over  3,000,000  pupils,  and  spends  $500,000,000  a 
year  for  public  education. 

Best  Thoughts  foe  Memory 

Knowledge  is  power. 

Right  education  brings  out  the  best  in  a  man  and 
increases  his  power,  pleasure,  and  usefulness. 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  59 

Faith   in   God  and  faith   in  man  are  contagious. 

Man  copies  after  another  and  he  repeats  without 
thought  the  opinions  of  another  who  has  adopted 
them  without  stud}'. 

"Because  the  goal  is  distant,  is  that  any  reason 
why  we  should  not  march  toward  it?"  (Victor 
Hugo.) 

Teachers  can  only  help.  Every  man  must  educate 
himself  by  his  own  mental  activity. 

A  full  education  trains  body,  mind,  and  soul  for 
all  man's  work  and  all  his  duties. 


CHAPTER  XIV 

'riii'  ami:  I  new  ii  o:\iE 

WoHD   Stud  IKS 


Nouns 

ideal 

marriage 

luve 

man 

woman 

courtship 

restrictions 

caste 

family 

fortune 

society 

responsibility 

counsel 

example 

union 

couple 

home 

comfort 

money 

punishment 

conscience 

conduct 

rooms 

evening 

street 

bell 


Adjectives 

Verbs 

pure 

is  based 

each 

make 

true 

develop 

equal 

have 

great 

give 

wise 

to  show 

:)roper 

to  force 

egal 

may  desire 

"better-half" 

may  love 

harsh 

ciioose 

cruel 

own 

many 

furnish 

curfew 

save 

to  buy 

liuild 

treated 

speaks 

gives 

:)racticcd 

)eat 

reasoned 

appealed 

provide 

furnish 

required 

to  leave 

60 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  61 

1.  The  American  ideal  of  marriage  is  based  upon 
the  pure  love  of  a  man  and  a  woman  for  each  other. 
The  man  and  the  woman  themselves  make  the  choice 
and  develop  the  love  for  each  other  by  a  pure  court- 
ship in  the  home  of  the  woman. 

2.  There  are  no  restrictions  of  caste  or  family  or 
fortune  in  the  true  American  marriage.  There  are 
no  orders  of  nobility.  All  are  the  American  people 
with  equal  standing  before  the  law  and  in  society. 

3.  Parents  of  young  people  have  a  great  responsi- 
bility to  give  wise  counsel  in  the  marriage  of  their 
children  and  to  show  a  good  example  to  them.  But 
they  have  no  right  to  force  any  marriage  they  may 
desire  nor  to  prevent  a  proper  and  legal  union  of 
their  son  or  daughter  with  one  he  or  she  may  love 
and  choose. 

4.  In  America  it  is  possible  for  any  married 
couple  to  own  a  home  and  to  furnish  it  with  comfort 
and  attractiveness.  It  is  a  good  thing  to  save  money 
for  a  home,  to  buy  or  build  one,  and  to  make  it  the 
best  place  for  all  the  family  that  is  possible. 

5.  The  wife  in  the  American  home  is  not  the  in- 
ferior of  the  husband  but  is  treated  by  him  as  his 
equal.  He  speaks  of  her  as  his  "better  half,"  and 
gives  her  every  kindness  and  care. 

6.  Harsh  and  cruel  punishment  of  children  is  not 
practiced  in  the  American  home.  When  whipping 
is  done  it  is  not  rough,  nor  do  good  parents  beat 


G2  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

their  children  ahout  the  head.  As  far  as  possible 
children  are  reasoned  with  and  their  conscience  and 
love  is  appealed  to  for  obedience  and  good  conduct, 

7.  Homes  are  more  and  more  provided  with  pic- 
tures, organs,  and  pianos;  with  books  and  regular 
papers  and  magazines;  and  with  carpets,  good  beds, 
tables,  closets,  and  bath  rooms. 

8.  More  rooms  are  furnished  in  good  homes,  such 
as  kitchen,  dining  room,  sitting  room,  parlor,  bath 
room;  bedrooms  separate  for  parents,  and  separate 
for  boys  and  girls.  Around  the  houses  yards  and 
lawns  are  cultivated  with  ilowers,  garden  plants,  and 
vegetables. 

9.  Children  are  required  to  be  in  the  house  early 
in  the  evening.  Many  towns  and  cities  have  curfew 
laws  compelling  every  child  under  fifteen  to  leave  the 
street  at  nine  o'clock.  The  curfew  hour  is  announced 
by  a  bell  or  a  whistle.  This  is  a  good  law  for  health, 
morals,  study,  and  for  home  happiness.  But  the 
good  home  attracts  and  holds  the  children  all  the 


evenmg. 


Best  Thoughts  for  Memory 

"Home,  sweet  home,  there  is  no  place  like  home" 

True  and  deepest  love  makes  home  joyful. 

Respect  and  courtesy  between  husband  and  wife 
belong  to  the  best  American  home. 

Fathers  who  are  wise  make  comrades  of  their  sons, 
and  mothers  do  of  their  daughters. 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  63 

Stay  at  home  in  the  evening  and  keep  company 
with  wife  and  children. 

Always  take  your  family  on  any  pleasure  trip  you 
take.    Share  all  your  joys  with  them. 

So  live  in  your  home  that  you  may  always  have 
God's  approval  and  blessing. 


CHAPTER  XV 

FREE  CHURCHES  IN  THE  FREE  STATE 

Word  Studies 


Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

church 

several 

are  supported 

government 

every 

established 

patronage 

free 

to  teach 

control 

own 

protects 

doctrines 

physical 

to  disturb 

methods 

many 

exist 

contributions 

different 

are  united 

attack 

each 

can  do 

persecution 

national 

have  learned 

lawful 

special 

use 

worship 

independent 

are  made 

assembly 

friendly 

receives 

organization 

Christian 

will 

unions 

earnest 

federations 

faithful 

denominations 

Council 

language 

Association 

Army 

relations 

1.  America  has  no  state  church  and  no  churches 
that  are  supported  by  the  government.  In  this  it 
differs  from  Russia,  which  has  established  the  Greek 
Catholic  Church;  Germany,  in  its  several  kingdoms, 

64 


STUDIES   FOR   IMMIGRANTS  65 

the  Lutheran  Church,  placed  under  government  pat- 
ronage and  control ;  Austria,  which  has  adopted  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church;  and  Great  Britain,  which 
has  estahlished  the  Episcopal  Church  in  England 
and  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Scotland. 

2.  In  the  United  States  every  church  is  abso- 
lutely free  to  teach  its  own  doctrines  and  to  organize 
by  its  own  methods.  But  it  must  be  supported  by 
the  contributions  of  its  own  people. 

3.  The  government,  however,  protects  every  church 
from  physical  attack  or  persecution  by  other 
churches  or  people.  And  it  is  not  lawful  to  disturb 
the  worship  or  assembly  of  any  church. 

4.  There  are  in  the  United  States  many  different 
church  organizations,  each  carrying  on  its  own  work 
by  the  money  given  by  its  members  and  friends. 
About  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  such  church  or- 
ganizations now  exist. 

5.  There  are  unions  or  federations  of  many  of 
these  different  churches  or  "denominations."  About 
forty  great  denominations  in  America  are  united  in 
the  National  Council  of  Church  Federation  for  work 
they  can  do  together. 

6.  Because  many  immigrants  have  not  yet  learned 
the  English  language  there  are  many  churches  using 
only  foreign  languages,  such  as  German,  Welsh,  Lith- 
uanian, Polish,  Swedish,  Danish,  Norwegian,  Italian, 
and  others.  But  many  churches  formerly  German 
and  Welsh  now  use  English  wholly. 


6^  STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

7.  The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  and 
the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association  are  bodies 
of  Christian  workers  made  up  of  members  of  many 
different  churches  uniting  in  special  work  but  still 
continuing  as  members  of  their  several  churches. 

8.  The  Salvation  Army  is  independent  of  all  the 
churches,  but  is  in  friendly  relations  to  all  and  re- 
ceives much  help  from  all. 

9.  The  churches  in  America  have  all  greatly  pros- 
pered and  increased  in  numbers. 

10.  America  is  a  Christian  nation  in  all  its  prin- 
ciples, and  every  good  citizen  will  belong  to  a  church 
and  live  an  earnest  and  faithful  Christian  life. 

Best  Thoughts  for  Memory 

All  the  discoverers  of  America  and  all  the  pioneer 
settlers  came  for  the  cause  of  their  religion. 

The  Old  World  at  that  time  meant  forced  reli- 
gious life  or  bitter  persecution;  the  New  World  was 
to  mean  perfect  freedom  of  conscience. 

Now  many  countries  of  the  Old  World  also  have 
religious  liberty  like  America. 

Every  American  citizen  is  free  to  join  any  church 
he  desires,  but  every  American  citizen  ought  to  join 
the  church  he  loves  and  earnestly  work  in  it. 


CHAPTER  XVI 
AMERICAN  INVENTORS  AND  INVENTIONS 


Word  Studies 

Nouns 

Adjectives 

workingman 

famous 

inventions 

wonderful 

country 

appliances 

machines 

many 

labor-saving 

valuable 

devices 

other 

patents 
inventor 

poor 
few 

sale 
Fulton 

only 
four 

steamboat 

unwieldy 

Morse 

workable 

telegraph 

Field 

cable 

vast 
important 

Bell 

telephone 
Howe 

sewing  machine 
Scholes 

typewriter 
Edison 

phonograph 
jictures 
light 
automobile 

Whitney 
cotton  gin 

Verbs 

produced 

permit 

has  made 

protected 

allowed 

become 

learn 

built 

laid 

invented 

perfected 

worked 

developed 

began 

used 

have 


67 


68  STUDIES   FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

1.  The  free  workingman  in  America  is  famous  for 
his  wonderful  inventions.  No  other  country  or  peo- 
ple has  produced  so  many  appliances,  machines,  and 
general  labor-saving  devices.  Out  of  the  whole  world's 
three  million  patents  the  United  States  has  supplied 
over  one  million. 

2.  United  States  laws  permit  an  inventor  to  patent 
what  he  has  made,  and  he  is  thus  protected  for  years 
in  manufacturing  for  sale  his  valuable  invention. 
No  other  man  is  allowed  during  that  time  to  make  it 
for  sale.  There  are  many  poor  men  who  have  become 
very  rich  through  their  inventions. 

3.  Robert  Fulton  built  the  first  large  boat  that 
was  run  by  steam  power,  the  Clermont,  on  the  Hud- 
son River,  New  York,  in  1807.  She  traveled  only 
five  miles  an  hour.  Four  patents  for  steamboats  had 
been  granted  before  1791,  but  the  craft  were  small 
and  unwieldy.  The  Savannah,  on  May  26,  1819,  was 
the  first  steamboat  to  start  across  the  Atlantic,  and 
it  took  her  twenty-five  days  to  reach  Liverpool. 

4.  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse  made  the  first  telegraph 
between  Baltimore  and  Washington  in  1845.  An- 
other American,  Cyrus  W.  Field,  laid  the  first  At- 
lantic cable  telegraph  in  1866. 

5.  Another  American,  Professor  Graham  Bell,  in- 
vented the  telephone  in  1875. 

6.  Elias  Howe  invented  the  sewing  machine  in 
1846.  Other  Americans,  like  Isaac  Singer,  A.  B.  Wil- 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  69 

son,  and  John  Baclielder,  perfected  it  for  woman's 
use. 

7.  Eli  Wliitney  invented  tlic  cotton  gin  in  1784, 
and  this  has  made  possible  the  vast  cotton  industry 
in  America. 

8.  Charles  Latham  Scholes  in  1876  invented  the 
first  workable  typewriter,  though  W.  A.  Burt  had 
worked  on  it  for  years  before. 

9.  An  American,  Ottmar  Mergenthaler,  invented 
the  wonderful  linotype  machine  for  setting  type. 

10.  John  Ericsson,  an  immigrant  from  Sweden, 
invented  the  monitor  war  vessel  during  the  Civil 
War,  which  gave  the  Union  side  a  great  victory  over 
the  terrible  ironclad  Merrimac,  and  has  changed  all 
modern  naval  warfare. 

11.  Greatest  of  all  inventors  is  Thomas  A.  Edison, 
who  has  more  than  a  thousand  patents  to  his  honor, 
lie  invented  the  talking  machine,  the  moving  picture 
machine,  the  electric  light  by  incandescent  system, 
and  many  other  wonderful  machines. 

12.  Coal,  natural  gas,  and  coal  oil  are  all  Amer- 
ican products  first  used  by  Americans. 

13.  The  Wright  brothers  made  the  first  aeroplane, 
or  flying  machine,  that  was  a  complete  success. 

14.  Americans  have  developed  and  perfected  the 
automobile,  though  it  was  Leon  Serpollet,  a  French- 
man, who  made  the  first  steam  tricycle  in  1892.  The 
great  American  making  of  automobiles  began  in  1898. 


70  STUDIES   FOR   IMMIGRANTS 

Best  Thoughts  foe  Memory 

The  perfectly  free  mind  in  America  has  become 
the  world's  greatest  genius. 

/    America's   sublime   opportunities   inspire  men   to 
noblest  daring  and  doing. 

Edison  says  he  can  do  his  wonderful  work  only 
because  he  keeps  his  brain  clear  of  strong  drink. 

Many  immigrants  and  their  children  are  among  the 
great  inventors  of  America.  Here  is  a  glorious  field 
for  them  to  cultivate. 

'God's  spirit  in  ancient  Jewish  history  inspired 
Bezaleel  and  Aholiab  to  invent  the  wonders  of  the 
Tabernacle  of  the  Jews. 

There  are  Christian  men  to-day  who  believe  that 
God's  Spirit  helped  them  to  do  great  things  in  in- 
vention and  science. 

"The  difference  between  one  man  and  another  is 
not  mere  ability — it  is  energy"  (Arnold). 

"Necessity  is  the  mother  of  invention." 


AHU.MIAM   LINCOLN 


CHAPTER   XVII 
GREAT  HEROES  OF  AMERICA 


Word  Studies 

Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

heroes 
leaders 

great 
noble 

has 

had 

patriots 
Columbus 

pioneer 
terrible 

honors 
come 

Cabot 

first 

came 

Hudson 

naval 

discover 

settlers 
explorers 
De  Soto 

recent 
public 
famous 

opened 
held 
has  had 

Smith 

heroic 

penetrated 

Pilgrims 

reached 

Puritans 

lost 

Penn 

has  aided 

Washington 

relieved 

Franklin 

extended 

Jefferson 

built 

signers 

cleansed 

Declaration 

made 

statesmen 

go 

Garrison 

Grant 

goes 
erected 

Lee 
Barton 

« 

put 
find 

Girard 

Carnegie 

Rockefeller 

Goethals 

Gorgas 

71 


72  STUDIES   FOR   IMMIGRANTS 

1.  Every  nation  has  its  great  heroes  and  America 
has  a  long  roll  of  noble  leaders,  patriots,  and  men  of 
power  in  every  walk  of  life  whom  she  honors. 

2.  After  Columbus  and  Cabot,  the  discoverers, 
came  the  pioneer  settlers  and  exj)lorers,  like  Ilenry 
Hudson,  who  found  and  sailed  the  great  river  that 
bears  his  name;  De  Soto,  who  discovered  the  Missis- 
sippi River;  Captain  John  Smith,  of  Virginia;  the 
Pilgrims  and  Puritans  of  New  England,  William 
Penn,  and  Lord  Baltimore,  who  opened  the  way  to 
settlements  that  are  now  great  States  of  the  Union. 

3.  Then  came  the  Revolutionary  patriots,  George 
Washington,  Benjamin  Franklin,  Thomas  Jefferson, 
John  Adams,  Patrick  Henry,  Alexander  Hamilton, 
and  Robert  Morris.  The  signers  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  in  1776  are  held  in  high  honor. 

4.  America  has  had  great  statesmen  in  Henry  Clay, 
Daniel  Webster,  Charles  Sumner,  and  AYilliam  H. 
Seward. 

5.  Many  men  were  leaders  in  freeing  the  Negro 
slaves,  like  John  Brown,  Wendell  Phillips,  William 
Lloyd  Garrison,  James  Russell  Lowell,  and  Owen 
Love  joy. 

6.  An  American,  Robert  S.  Peary,  penetrated 
through  terrible  cold  and  first  reached  the  north  pole. 

7.  An  American  naval  officer,  Commodore  M.  C. 
Perry,  first  opened  Japan  to  the  world  in  1855. 

8.  The  great  generals  of  the  Civil  War,  1861  to 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  73 

1865,  were  General  U.  S.  Grant  and  General  Robert 
E.  Lee. 

9.  Three  great  Presidents  of  the  United  States 
lost  their  lives  while  in  office,  Abraham  Lincoln, 
James  A.  Garfield,  and  William  McKiuiey. 

10.  The  American  Red  Cross  society,  which  has 
aided  the  wounded  and  suffering  in  recent  wars,  and 
relieved  distress  in  all  the  world,  has  had  as  its  great 
leader,  Miss  Clara  Barton,  who  extended  the  Red 
Cross  work  to  relieve  sufferers  from  famines,  floods, 
fires,  earthquakes,  pestilences,  and  other  calamities 
of  great  extent. 

11.  Great  American  phikuthropists  who  gave  large 
fortunes  for  the  public  benefit  are  Peter  Cooper, 
Stephen  Girard,  Andrew  Carnegie,  John  D.  Rocke- 
feller, and  many  others. 

12.  General  Goethals  built  the  Panama  Canal  and 
General  Gorgas  cleaned  and  made  healthful  Cuba 
and  Panama. 

13.  America  has  a  Hall  of  Fame  in  New  York  into 
which  go  the  names  of  the  heroes,  geniuses,  and 
great  men  of  the  past.  Monuments  are  erected  all 
over  America  to  our  heroes.  In  the  old  hall  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  Washington  each  of  the 
States  is  putting  two  of  her  greatest  men  in  statues. 
Illinois  put  as  one  of  her  heroes.  Miss  Frances  E. 
Willard,  the  famous  leader  in  the  cause  of  temperance 
in  America. 

14.  Never  before  were  there  so  many  and  inspiring 


>^ 


74  STUDIES   FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

opportunities  for  heroic  service  to  our  country.  Im- 
migrants can  find  these  opportunities  in  daily  work. 
Andrew  Carnegie  has  honored  and  paid  with  large 
sums  of  money  hundreds  of  working  people  who  have 
rescued  their  friends  from  fires,  drowning,  and  other 
accidents. 

Best  Thoughts  for  Memory 

A  hero  friend  is  one  who  will  die  for  a  man. 

Life  is  divine  when  duty  is  a  joy. 

Not  to  be  ministered  unto,  Init  to  minister. 

"Charity  blesses  him  that  gives  and  him  that 
takes." 

"Fear  not  him  who  can  kill  only  the  body,  fear 
God." 

Every  man  has  some  ideal  of  a  hero  and  he  becomes 
like  his  ideal,  whether  it  be  a  prize  fighter,  a  soldier, 
a  noble  citizen,  or  a  philanthropist. 


CHAPTEE  XVIII 
AMERICAN   REFORM   MOVEMENTS 


Word  Studies 

Nouns 

Adjectives 

Verbs 

America 

first 

began 

conditions 

great 

to  improve 

living 

free 

made 

statesmen 

personal 

to  govern 

occupations 

supposed 

had  seen 

travel 

long 

to  stop 

conscience 

public 

abolished 

religion 

national 

prohibited 

reform 

obscene 

are  stopped 

trade 

immoral 

i.   1 

improved 

duel 

slavish 

shortened 

lottery 

safety 

stopped 

polygamy 

sanitary 

required 

gambling 

political 

jassed 

races 

independent 

lave  given 

books 

will  study 

pictures 

act 

workingman 

to  make 

apprentice 

appliance 

factories 

railroads 

neaiin 
hospitals 

nomination 

1.  America  began  by  trying  to  improve  conditions 
of  man's  living  as  they  were  found  in  Europe. 

76 


76  STUDIES   FOR   IMiMUiKANTS 

2.  The  first  great  statesmen  under  George  \Yash- 
ington  made  men  free  under  wise  and  just  laws;  free 
to  govern  themselves;  free  in  speech,  m  printing 
press,  in  public  assemblings,  in  occupation,  in  travel, 
and  in  conscience  and  religion.  This  was  the  most 
sweeping  reform  the  world  had  ever  seen. 

3.  The  first  great  American  reform  was  to  stop 
the  slave  trade  in  1808. 

4.  Then  came  the  gradual  end  of  the  duel,  men 
killing  each  other  for  personal  insult  or  supposed 
honor. 

5.  After  a  long  struggle  the  public  lottery  was  abol- 
ished, finally  destroying  the  Louisiana  Lottery. 

6.  Then  polygamy  in  Utah  was  forbidden  by  law. 

7.  Most  of  the  States  have  now  prohibited  all 
gambling  in  horse  races,  and  gambling  of  all  kinds 
is  surely  being  driven  out  of  all  America. 

8.  Obscene  and  immoral  books,  papers,  pictures, 
vile  theater  plays  and  moving  pictures  are  now 
stopped  by  law. 

9.  Many  reforms  have  improved  the  condition  of 
the  workingman.  Hours  of  labor  have  been  short- 
ened, slavish  apprenticeships  have  been  stopped, 
conditions  of  labor  for  women  and  children  much 
improved,  safety  appliances  are  required  by  law  in 
factories  and  on  railroads,  laws  for  compensation  for 
injuries  at  work  have  been  passed,  and  many  other 
reforms  are  in  progress  or  already  in  force. 

10.  Health  conditions  are  improved  by  State  offi- 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  77 

cers  of  health,  sanitary  laws,  hospitals  provided  free 
for  the  poor,  and  public  dispensaries  of  medicine  and 
treatment. 

11.  Political  reforms  have  given  rights  to  inde- 
pendent voters  vi'ith  free  nomination  of  candidates  at 
the  primary  elections,  the  initiative,  the  referendmn, 
and  the  recall,  woman's  ballot,  local  option  and  pro- 
hibition of  the  liquor  traffic. 

12.  Other  moral  reforms  are  in  progress.  Every 
good  American  citizen  will  study  how  to  improve  the 
conditions  of  life  for  himself,  his  family  and  for  all 
people,  and  then  act  with  courage  and  wisdom  with 
others  to  make  the  reforms  successful. 

Best  Thoughts  to  Memorize 

The  American  spirit  is  for  progress,  improvement, 
advance  in  everything,  and  this  means  reform. 

The  Bible  is  the  most  powerful  inspiration  to  every 
reform. 

Many  reforms  have  started  with  individual  Chris- 
tians, the  church  being  slow  to  cooperate,  but  none 
have  succeeded  until  the  church  came  into  line. 

The  good  citizen  needs  the  soldier  spirit,  that 
fears  not  death  nor  sacrifice,  to  make  his  country  the 
best  country  on  earth. 

The  greatest  reform  of  our  day  is  to  destroy  the 
saloon  and  it  is  sweeping  all  over  America  and  the 
world. 


CHAPTER  XIX 
AMERICAN  BOOKS  AND  PAPERS 


Word  Studies 

Noun* 

Adjectives 

Vo-b* 

thinkers 

new 

to  be 

progress 

wonderful 

are 

Jefferson 

free 

suggest 

Paine 

notable 

has 

Independence 

])olitii-al 

had 

rights 

many 

abound 

man 

popular 

form 

literature 

moral 

has  had 

history 

interesting 

produced 

essays 

famous 

equaled 

oratory 

earliest 

have  been 

education 

powerful 

played 

settlers 

front 

speeches 

fantastic 

poets 

able 

stories 

classical 

romances 

short 

novels 

public 

influence 

social 

humor 

monthly 

scientists 

philosophers 

magazines 

editors 

progress 

1.  American  books  or  literature,   in  general,  are 

78 


STUDIES  FOR  IMMIGRANTS  79 

upon  subjects  of  history,  statesmanship,  essays,  ora- 
tory, education,  progress,  and  reforms — just  such 
books  as  a  new  and  wonderful  country  opening  to 
new  settlers  with  a  new  free  government  and  won- 
derful resources  would  suggest. 

2.  At  first  America  had  notable  political  thinkers 
like  Thomas  Jefferson,  who  wrote  the  Declaration  of 
Independence ;  Thomas  Paine,  who  wrote  The  Rights 
of  Man;  John  Marshall,  the  great  first  Supreme 
Court  judge;  Alexander  Hamilton,  James  Madison, 
and  others, 

3.  Great  political  orators  whose  speeches  form  fine 
literature  are  Patrick  Henry,  Daniel  "Webster,  Ed- 
ward Everett,  Rufus  Choate,  Wendell  Phillips, 
Charles  Sumner,  Henry  Clay,  John  C.  Calhoun, 
Abraham  Lincoln,  and  many  others. 

4.  Benjamin  Franklin  was  a  popular  writer  of  es- 
says, moral  sayings,  and  of  his  ovm  interesting  life. 

5.  Great  historians  abound  in  America:  George 
Bancroft,  John  G.  Palfrey,  William  H.  Prescott, 
Theodore  Roosevelt,  and  many  others. 

6.  Our  greatest  poets  are  W.  C.  Bryant,  Edgar  A. 
Poe,  Henry  W.  Longfellow,  John  G.  Whittier,  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes,  James  Russell  Lowell. 

7.  Writers  of  stories  and  novels  form  a  famous 
company.  The  earliest  are  Washington  Irving,  whose 
Knickerbocker  Tales  are  very  popular;  James  Feni- 
more  Cooper,  who  wrote  great  Indian  romances;  Na- 
thaniel Hawthorne  with  his  wonderful  novels;  Mrs. 


80  STUDIES   FOR  IMMIGRANTS 

Harriet   Beecher    Stowe,    who    wrote    Uncle    Tom's 
Cabin,  a  story  of  powerful  iniluence  against  slavery. 

8.  In  humor  America  has  had  front  rank  in  the 
world.  Fantastic  writers  like  Artemus  Ward,  Josh 
Billings,  Nasby,  Dooley,  and  others  have  produced 
many  able  articles  and  books.  More  classical  writers 
like  James  Russell  Lowell  in  Biglow  Papers  and  short 
poems;  Mark  Twain  in  best  of  all  humorous  great 
books. 

9.  America  has  not  equaled  England  or  Germany 
in  great  scientists,  philosophers,  and  theologians,  but 
she  has  produced  many  notable  books  on  these  sub- 
jects. 

10.  In  newspapers  and  magazines  America  is  fa- 
mous. Great  editors  have  been  the  people's  advocates 
on  every  great  public  question  of  the  government,  of 
reforms,  and  of  social  progress;  and  the  monthly 
magazine  has  played  a  powerful  part  in  all  America's 
progress. 

Best  Thoughts  for  Memory 

Books  are  the  best  companions.  Let  us  have  many 
of  the  most  inspiring  and  helpful. 

A  good  book  enlarges  life  to  take  in  the  past  and 
the  future. 

The  Bible  is  God's  book,  the  thoughts  and  the  guid- 
ance of  Him  who  made  all  things  and  rules  over  all. 

Csesar  read  the  life  of  Alexander  the  Great  and  be- 
came a  great  soldier  like  him;  Napoleon  Bonaparte 


STUDIES   FOR   IMMIGRANTS  8( 

read  the  life  of  Caesar  and  also  became  a  niighty  cou- 
queror.     So  do  books  make  men. 

"Lives  of  great  men  all  remind  us 
We  may  make  our  lives  sublime. 
And,  departing,  leave  behind  ut^ 
Footprints  on  the  sands  of  Time." 
Be  a  lover  of  good  books.     Spend  all  the  money 
you  can  to  buy  books. 

What  folly  to  feed  the  body  and  to  starve  the  mind 
and  soul. 


CHAPTER  XX 

AMERICA'S  FUTURE 

Word  Studies 

Nount 

Adjectives 

Verht 

Ktatesmeii 

profound 

have  tried 

teachers 

wonderful 

to  picture 

thinkers 

rich 

agree 

future 

best 

will  be 

population 

improved 

support 

millions 

busy 

regards 

farms 

prosperous 

come 

country 

shorter 

to  be  used 

hours 

higher 

think 

labor 

warm 

will  have 

wages 

warmer 

are  putting 

protection 

reform 

being  driven 

compensation 

pure 

be  given 

movements 

new 

forbidden 

saloon 

richest 

need 

gambling 

broader 

developed 

amusements 

discovered 

vices 

share 

schools 

are  taking 

playgrounds 

training 

peace 

resources 

place 

• 

1.  Many  statesmen,  teachers,  and  profound  think- 
ers have  tried  to  picture  the  future  of  America.    All 

82 


STUDIES    FOR    IMMIGRAN'J'S  83 

a^ee  it  will  be  wonderful  and  rich  in  everything  that 
man  regards  best  in  life. 

2.  America  is  likely  to  have  a  population  of  five 
hundred  millions  by  the  end  of  the  eentui^.  She  can 
easily  support  twice  that  number  when  the  improved 
ways  of  farming  come  to  be  used  on  all  farms.  Think 
of  what  a  busy,  prosperous  country  we  will  have  with 
five  hundred  millions  of  people,  five  times  as  many 
as  we  have  now ! 

3.  The  condition  of  working  people  is  constantly 
growing  better.  There  will  be  shorter  hours  of  labor, 
full  eiRcieucy  in  organization,  higher  wages,  protec- 
tion by  law  against  dangers  and  accidents,  compensa- 
tion for  injuries  at  work,  warmer  brotherliness  be- 
tween employers  and  workmen ;  woman's  work 
guarded  and  better  paid  for,  and  child  laboi'  wisely 
under  law. 

4.  Reform  movements  will  finally  ])ut  the  saloon 
out  of  business  in  State  after  State  until  the  whole 
nation  is  free,  gambling  of  all  kinds  is  being  driven 
out,  bad  amusements  will  be  given  up  for  good  and 
pure  ones,  and  all  vices  will  be  forbidden  by  law  or 
willingly  given  up.  We  will  have  a  country  with 
only  good  surroundings  for  our  children  and  our 
homes. 

5.  Children  will  have  every  good  thing  they  need 
to  make  them  happy  and  to  enable  them  to  grow  into 
good  citizens.  Public  schools  are  making  progress  in 
broader  and  richer  education  :  playgrounds  will  come 


84  STUDIES   FOPt   IMMIGKANTS 

into  every  city  and  town,  and  homes  are  being  made 
right  for  them.  Adults  also  will  have  evening- 
schools  and  lectures  lor  their  further  education, 

6.  International  peace  will  be  all  over  the  earth. 
War  will  be  forever  euded. 

7.  The  resources  of  America  will  be  developed 
beyond  all  the  past,  and  ever  new  sources  of  wealth 
and  prosperity  will  be  discovered.  America  will  be 
the  richest  country  in  the  world  and  all  her  citizens 
will  share  in  it. 

8.  The  churches  are  taking  on  new  power  and 
broader  helpfulness  to  all  the  people.  The  church 
will  have  a  larger  place  in  all  things  in  the  future  of 
America. 

9.  It  will,  therefore,  mean  more  than  ever  before 
in  any  country  or  age  to  be  able  to  say,  "I  am  an 
American  citizen !" 

Best  Thoughts  to  Memorize 

It  is  foolish  to  think  one's  own  age  cannot  be  cor- 
rected by  the  next  age. 

"The  dreams  of  youth  beciane  the  realities  of  man- 
liood." 

The  wrand  secret  of  success  is  to  take  a  hundred 
times  the  trouble  to  reach  it  that  men  usually  do. 

Trying  will  do  anything  in  the  world. 

God  surely  has  still  greater  plans  for  America  to 
accomplish. 

America  has  captured  the  world's  future. 


^  ?9i 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 

This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


REC'D  LD-URL 


JAN  2  6 1982 


315 


3   1158  00753  8274 


SOUTHERN   BRANCH 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
LIBRARY 

LOS   ANGELES.  CALir 

_  UC  SOUTHER?'.  REG!' i'jAl  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


AA    000  352  629 


0 


